Sociodemographic features included racial self-classification (white or non-light age.grams. black, brownish, purple, otherwise local), host to home (urban otherwise outlying), education (0–4, 5–8, 9–eleven, otherwise ? several age) thaicupid e-posta, and you can monthly family money for every single capita in the tertiles (lowest, center, or higher). The new metropolitan–outlying group was according to research by the methods employed by the latest Brazilian Institute away from Topography and you may Statistics (in the Portuguese, IBGE) when you look at the 2010 people census of administrative limits put down of the regional guidelines. Within this for each municipality’s borders, these types of regional guidelines introduce an imaginary range entitled “metropolitan edge”. The latest census tracts found when you look at the “metropolitan perimeter” is termed metropolitan, whereas the rest of the components are appointed outlying. One other information is actually obtained courtesy a facial-to-face interviews within participant’s house.
Anthropometric details
Height was measured in centimeters (cm) using a portable vertical stadiometer (NutriVida®, Brazil) with the participants barefoot with legs and feet parallel, weight distributed on both feet, arms relaxed at the sides, palms facing the body, and head in the Frankfurt horizontal plane. Weight was measured in kilograms (kg) using a portable digital scale (SECA®, Germany) with participants barefoot. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the ratio between weight in kilograms (kg) and height in square meters (m 2 ). BMI cutoff points were based on the World Health Organization recommendation: underweight (< 18.5> 94 cm in men and > 80 cm in women were considered “increased” since they are associated with a higher risk of metabolic complications . All anthropometric variables were measured twice during the home visit by trained interviewers and the mean of the measurements was used in the analyses. Further information can be seen in the handbook on the survey homepage (
Statistical analysis
Additionally, we provided information on the most prevalent chronic diseases diagnosed by a physician in our sample. Secondly, fractional polynomial regression models were fitted to estimate the percentiles (P5, P10, P20, P25, P50, P75, P90, and P95) of HGS by age group and sex. This method provides smooth centile curves and explicit formulae for the percentile estimates. Diagnostic tests were used to evaluate the model fit (normal plot of the Z-scores, Shapiro–Wilk test, and residuals plot). The model was fitted by maximum likelihood, which accounts for non-normal skewness and/or kurtosis in the data . Thirdly, HGS centile curves for men and women were plotted in charts. Finally, unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models separate for men and women were created to investigate the sociodemographic and anthropometric variables associated with muscle weakness, being estimated the odds ratio (OR) with 95%CI. Variables with p < 0.20>
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Figure 1 describes the flow chart of the participants throughout the study. Our analytical sample was composed of 7905 participants aged 50–101 years (63.1 ± 9.1 years): 3162 men (63.2 ± 8.7 years) and 4743 women (63.1 ± 9.4 years). The excluding participants were similar to including participants regarding sex (p = 0.092), schooling (p = 0.813), and monthly household income per capita (p = 0.189) but tended to be older (? 80 years: 11.8% vs. 6.5%, respectively, p < 0.001).
The features of study users by sex is visible during the Table step one. Both in sexes, very professionals was basically non-white, lived in the latest town, had 0–cuatro many years of education, and you can demonstrated enhanced sides circumference. In regards to the Bmi, overweight was the most prevalent class for men (42.9%), when you find yourself over weight and you may obesity got almost similar frequencies for women (36.9% and 35.4%, respectively). Regarding chronic diseases, 44.1% from participants advertised that have a healthcare prognosis off arterial blood pressure level, 17.4% out-of diabetes mellitus, 11.5% out-of weakening of bones, 7.4% of center diseases (angina, myocardial infarction, and you will center incapacity), and you may 5.7% out-of breathing disorder (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary state).